K-Monel Fasteners | Corrosion Resistant

Physical and Thermal Properties

Physical Constants of MONEL Alloy K-500

Density	g/cm³	8.44
Density	lb/in³	0.305
Melting Range	°F	2400-2460
Melting Range	°C	1315-1350
Modulus of Elasticity, 10³ ksi	Tension	26.0
Modulus of Elasticity, 10³ ksi	Torsion	9.5
Poisson’s Ratio (aged material at room temperature)		0.32

Thermal Properties of MONEL Alloy K-500

Temperature		^a Mean Linear Expansion		^b Thermal Conductivity		^b Specific Heat		^c Electrical Resistivity
°F	°C	in/in/°F x 10^-6	µm/m•°C	Btu-in/h/ft²/°F	W/m•°C	Btu/lb/°F	J/kg•°C	ohm-circ mil/ft	µΩ•m
-320	-200	6.2	11.2	–	–	–	–	330.8^d	0.550
-250	-157	6.5	11.7	86	12.3	0.071	297.3	–	–
-200	-130	6.8	12.2	92	13.1	0.077	322.4	–	–
-100	-70	7.2	13.0	103	14.7	0.087	364.3	–	–
70	21	–	–	121	17.2	0.100	418.7	370	0.615
200	100	7.6	13.7	136	19.4	0.107	448.0	372	0.618
400	200	8.1	14.6	156	22.2	0.114	477.3	378	0.628
600	300	8.3	14.9	178	25.4	0.117	489.9	385	0.640
800	400	8.5	15.3	198	28.2	0.120	502.4	390	0.648
1000	500	8.7	15.7	220	31.4	0.125	523.4	393	0.653
1200	600	9.1	16.4	240	34.2	0.132	552.7	396	0.658
1400	700	9.3	16.7	262	37.3	0.141	590.3	400	0.665
1600	800	9.6	17.3	282	40.2	0.157	657.3	408	0.678
1800	900	–	–	^e302	43.1	^e0.186	778.7	418	0.695

^aBetween 70°F (21°C) and temperature shown. Age-hardened material.
^bMaterial was in the annealed condition prior to test.
^cElectrical resistivity is markedly influenced by thermal history because of the age-hardening characteristics of the alloy. The data shown represent values measured on decreasing temperature on material in an equivalent to annealed condition with a small amount of age hardening.
^dResistivity of sample from this test tested at room temperature: 355.5 ohm/circ mil/ft.
^eExtrapolated.

Dimensional Stability of MONEL alloy K-500

Condition	Length Change, microinch/inch					Cycled^a
	Aged at 70°F			Aged at 160°F
	1 Month	3 Months	12 Months	1 Month	3 Months
Cold-Drawn	0	-5	-5	–	–	–
Cold-Drawn, Aged^b	-5	-5	–	0	-5	0

^aCycled 10 times between 70°F and -95°F.
^b1000°F/9 hr, F.C. to 900°F, A.C.

Mechanical Properties

Nominal Mechanical Property Ranges of MONEL Alloy K-500

Form and Condition	Tensile Strength		Yield Strength (0.2% Offset)		Elongation, %	Hardness
	Tensile Strength		Yield Strength (0.2% Offset)			Brinell (3000-kg)	Rockwell
	ksi	MPa	ksi	MPa		Brinell (3000-kg)	Rockwell
Rod and Bar
Hot-Finished	90-155	621-1069	40-110	276-758	45-20	140-315	75B-35C
Hot-Finished, Aged^b	140-190	965-1310	100-150	690-1034	30-20	265-346	27-38C
Hot-Finished, Annealed	90-110	621-758	40-60	276-414	45-25	140-185	75-90B
Hot-Finished, Annealed and Aged^b	130-165	896-1138	85-120	586-827	35-20	250-315	24-35C
Cold-Drawn, As-Drawn	100-140	690-965	70-125	483-862	35-13	175-260	88B-26C
Cold-Drawn, Aged^b	135-185	931-1276	95-160	655-1103	30-15	255-370	25-41C
Cold-Drawn, Annealed	90-110	621-758	40-60	276-414	50-25	140-185	75-90B
Cold-Drawn, Annealed and Aged^b	130-190	896-1310	85-120	586-827	30-20	250-315	24-35C
Sheet, Cold-Rolled, Annealed	90-105	621-724	40-65	276-448	45-25	–	85B max.
Strip, Cold-Rolled
Annealed	90-105	621-724	40-65	276-448	45-25	–	85B max.
Annealed and Aged^b	130-170	896-1172	90-120	621-827	25-15	–	24C min.
Spring Temper	145-165	1000-1138	130-160	896-1103	8-3	–	25C min.
Spring Temper, Aged^b	170-220	1172-1517	130-195	896-1345	10-5	–	34C min.
Tube and Pipe, Seamless
Cold-Drawn, Annealed	90-110	621-758	40-65	276-448	45-25	–	90B max.
Cold-Drawn, Annealed and Aged^b	130-180	896-1241	85-120	586-827	30-15	–	24-36C
Cold-Drawn, As-Drawn	110-160	758-1103	85-140	586-965	15-2	–	95B-32C
Cold-Drawn, As-Drawn, Aged^b	140-220	965-1517	100-200	690-1379	25-3	–	27-40C
Plate
Hot-Finished	90-135	621-931	40-110	276-758	45-20	140-260	75B-26C
Hot-Finished, Aged^b	140-180	965-1241	100-135	690-981	30-20	265-337	27-37C
Wire, Cold Drawn^c
Annealed	80-110	552-758	35-65	241-448	40-20	–	–
Annealed and Aged^b	120-150	827-1034	90-110	621-758	30-15	–	–
Spring Temper	145-190	1000-1310	130-180	896-1241	5-2	–	–
Spring Temper, Aged^b	160-200	1103-1379	140-190	965-1310	8-3	–	–

^aThe ranges shown are composites for various product sizes and therefore are not suitable for specification purposes.
^bNominal properties for material age-hardened to produce maximum properties.
^cProperties shown are for sizes 0.0625 – 0.250-in. diameter. Properties for other sizes may vary from these.

Room-Temperature Smooth and Notch Tensile Properties of MONEL alloy K-500

Sample	Temper	Yield Strength (0.2% Offset), ksi	Notched Tensile Strength, ksi	Tensile Strength, ksi	NT/TS^a	Elongation, %	Reduction of Area, %	Hardness, R_c
Rod (2 5/8-in. Dia.)	Cold-drawn, Annealed & Aged	97.5	185.5	152.5	1.22	25	43.0	28
Rod (3 5/8-in. Dia.)	Hot-Rolled & Aged	119.0	212.0	165.0	1.28	22	45.2	32
Rod (3-in. Dia.)	Cold-Drawn & Aged	122.0	215.0	161.0	1.34	22	43.2	29
Threaded cap screw	Cold-Drawn & Aged	125.5	205.0	169.0	1.21	18	28.5	31
Threaded Stud	Cold-Drawn & Aged	128.0 129.5	232.0 237.5	165.0 165.5	1.41 1.43	20 20	42.0 41.5	33 32

^aRatio of notch tensile strength to smooth tensile strength.

Hot Hardness of MONEL alloy K-500 Rod

Condition	Hardness, Brinell
Condition	70°F (21°C)	700°F (371°C)	800°F (427°C)	900°F (482°C)	1000°F (538°C)	1100°F (593°C)
Hot-Finished	241	223	207	201	170	179
Hot-Finished, Aged	331	311	302	293	255	229

Tensile Properties of MONEL Alloy K-500 Sheet and Butt Welds^a

Test Temperature, °F	Sheet				Weld
Test Temperature, °F	Tensile Strength, ksi	Yield Strength, ksi	Elongation, %	NT/TS^b	Tensile Strength, ksi	Joint Efficiency, %	Elongation, %
78	154	97.3	22	0.93	141	92	11
-100	166	107	24	0.93	154	93	14
-320	183	120	30	0.95	170	93	15
-423	200	136	28	0.99	190	95	14

^a0.020-in. sheet age-hardened 1080°F/16 hr. Heliarc welds heat-treated after welding. Longitudinal tests.

^bRatio of notch tensile strength to smooth tensile strength, Kt=6.3.

Torsional Properties

Torsional Properties of MONEL Alloy K-500 Bar

Condition	Yield Strength (0.00% Offset), ksi^a	Johnson’s Apparent Elastic Limit, ksi	Angle of Twist, deg/in
Hot-Rolled	27	29	620
Hot-Rolled, Aged	57	67	104
Cold-Drawn	48	55	360
Cold-Drawn, Aged	62	71	76

^aS_s= 5.08 M_t / d³, where S_s= torsional stress on the outer fiber (psi), M_t= Torsional moment (in.-lb), and d = specimen diameter (in.)

Comparison of Tensile and Torsional Properties of MONELAlloy K-500 Rod and Wire

Form	Condition	Tensile		Torsional		Ratios
		Tensile		Torsional		Torsional Breaking Strength/ Tensile Strength	Torsional Proportional Limit/ Tensile Strength	Torsional Proportional Limit/Torsional Breaking Strength
		Tensile Strength, ksi	Yield Strength (0.2% Offset), ksi	Breaking Strength, ksi	Proportional Limit, ksi
Wire (0.148-in. Dia.)	Cold-Drawn 50%	163	–	107	68	0.657	0.417	0.635
Wire (0.148-in. Dia.)	Cold-Drawn 50%, Age-Hardened	197	–	137	75	0.696	0.380	0.547
Rod (1-in. Dia.)	Hot-Rolled	98	45	69	18	0.704	0.184	0.261
	Hot-Rolled, Age- Hardened	–	–	–	62	–	–	–
	Cold-Drawn 20%	134	103	80	45	0.597	0.336	0.562
	Cold-Drawn 20%, Age-Hardened	155	125	102	50	0.658	0.373	0.490

Shear Properties

Shear Strength of MONEL Alloy K-500

Condition	Maximum Strength, ksi	Deflection at Maximum Strength, ksi	Tensile Strength, ksi	Elongation %	Hardness, Rockwell C
Annealed	65.3	0.08	97.5	49.0	84B
Annealed, aged	96.5	0.06	147.2	29.0	29
Half-hard	71.0	0.04	122.0	12.5	25
Half-hard, aged	98.8	0.05	155.6	24.0	31
Full-hard	89.5	0.04	151.5	16.5	33
Full-hard, aged	98.5	0.04	168.5	12.5	37

Properties of MONEL Alloy K-500 Rivet Wire and Rivets

Property	Condition
Property	As Received	Aged 2 Hours^a	Aged 4 Hours^b	Aged 8 Hours^c	Aged 16 Hours^d
Rivet Wire
Average Shear Stress, ksi	69.3	83.2	85.3	85.0	89.2
Ultimate Tensile Stress, ksi	107.3	133.0	137.6	–	147.0
Ratio	0.64	0.63	0.62	–	0.61
Hardness, Rc	13	24	26	26	32
Rivets^e
Hardness, Rc – Head	34	40	40	40	40
Hardness, Rc – Shank	23	30	32	30	34

^a1080°F/2 hr, A.C.
^b1080°F/4 hr, A.C.
^c1080°F/8 hr, A.C.
^d1080°F/16 hr, furnace cool to 900°F at the rate of 15°F/hr, A.C.
^e1/8-in. diameter x 1/4-in. long.

Bearing Strength of MONEL Alloy K-500

Condition	Tensile Properties			Bearing Strength		Ratio, Bearing Strength/
Condition	Tensile Strength, ksi	Yield Strength (0.2% offset), ksi	Elongation. %	Ultimate Strength,^aksi	Yield Strength,^bksi	Ultimate Strength	Yield Strength
Annealed	92.2	38.5	49.0	178.0	68.8	1.93	1.79
Annealed, Aged	145.5	98.5	31.0	295.0	162.0	2.03	1.65
Hard	145.9	139.0	5.0	294.0	190.0	1.72	1.37
Hard, Aged	195.5	177.0	10.0	358.0	262.0	1.83	1.48

^aTearing out.

^b2% enlargement of hole dia. in sheet.

Compressive & Impact Strength

Compressive Strength of MONEL Alloy K-500 Rod

Property	Hot-Rolled		Cold-Drawn
Property	As-Rolled	Aged	As-Drawn	Aged
Hardness
Brinell (3000 kg)	165	300	205	330
Rockwell C	5	33	23	35
Vickers (30 kg Diamond pyramid)	167	316	210	336
Tension
Tensile Strength, ksi	100.0	151.0	106.0	158.0
Yield Strength (0.2% offset), ksi	47.0	111.0	85.0	120.0
Elongation, %	42.5	30.0	26.5	22.0
Compression
Yield Strength (0.2% offset), ksi	40.0	121.0	76.0	121.0
Yield Strength (0.1% offset), ksi	34.0	96.0	55.0	102.0

Impact Strength of MONEL alloy K-500

Condition	Test Orientation	Charpy Keyhole Impact Strength, ft-lb
Hot-Finished	Longitudinal	74
Hot-Finished	Transverse	51
Hot-Finished, Annealed^a	Longitudinal	75
Hot-Finished, Annealed^a	Transverse	48
Hot-Finished, Aged^b	Longitudinal	39*
Hot-Finished, Aged^b	Transverse	23*
Hot-Finished, Aged^c	Longitudinal	25*
Hot-Finished, Aged^c	Transverse	20*
Hot-Finished, Annealed & Aged^d	Longitudinal	38*
Hot-Finished, Annealed & Aged^d	Transverse	22*
Cold-Drawn	Longitudinal	40
Cold-Drawn, Annealed^a	Longitudinal	90
Cold-Drawn, Aged^b	Longitudinal	26*
Cold-Drawn, Aged^c	Longitudinal	20*
Cold-Drawn, Annealed & Aged^d	Longitudinal	46*

* Specimen fractured completely.
^a1800°F/1 hr, W. Q.
^b1100°F/16 hr, A.C.
^c1100°F/16 hr, F.C. 15°F/hr to 900°F.
^dAnneal (a) + age (c).

Properties of Hot-Rolled MONEL alloy K-500 Rod (Annealed 1800°F/½ hr and aged 1100°F/16 hr, F.C. to 1000°F/6 hr, F.C. to 900°F/6 hr, A.C.)

Diameter, ^ain.	Yield Strength (0.2% offset), ksi	Charpy V-Notch Impact Strength, ft-lb
1.250	97.3	54
1.250	92.5	72
0.875	109.3	45
1.00	111.0	38

^a Each diameter from different heat.

Properties of Cold-Drawn MONEL alloy K-500 Rod (Annealed 1900°F/½ hr and aged 1100°F/16 hr, F.C. to 1000°F/6 hr, F.C. to 900°F/6 hr, A.C.)

Diameter, ^ain.	Yield Strength (0.2% offset), ksi	Charpy V-Notch Impact Strength, ft-lb
1.250	92.5	76.25
0.812	103.0	43.75
0.687	110.6	39.5

^a Each diameter from different heat. Data are averages of 2 tests.

Impact Properties of MONEL alloy K-500

Condition	Average Energy Absorbed, ft-lb
	Smooth Specimen			Notched Specimen^a
	-200°F	-120°F	+80°F	-200°F -120°F		+80°F
	Tension Test
Hot-Finished, Aged	158	145	141	37	37	35
Cold-Drawn, Aged	127	108	117	34	28	29
	Bending test
Hot-Finished, Aged	–	–	–	42	50	55
Cold-Drawn, Aged	–	–	185	30	30	32

^a In tension test, K_t = 3.00; in bending test, K_t = 4.00.

Charpy V-Notch Impact Strength of MONEL alloy K-500a at Low Temperatures

Temperature, °F	Impact Strength, ft-lb
Room	37.0
-110	34.0
-320	31.0

^a ¾-in. bar, aged 1100°F/21 hr, 1000°F/8 hr, A.C.

Fatigue Strength

Room-Temperature Fatigue Strength of MONEL alloy K-500

Form and Condition	Fatigue Strength (10⁸cycles) ksi	Tensile Strength, ksi	Ratio, Fatigue Strength/Tensile Strength
Rod
Annealed	38	88	0.43
Hot-Rolled	43	99	0.43
Hot-Rolled, Aged	51	155	0.33
Cold-Drawn	45	120	0.37
Cold-Drawn, Aged	47	170	0.28
Strip
Annealed	27	88	0.31
Spring-Temper, Aged	37	153	0.24

Fatigue Strength of MONEL alloy K-500 at Elevated Temperature

Condition	Temperature, °F	Fatigue Strength, (10⁸cycles), ksi
Hot-Finished, Aged	80	46.0
Hot-Finished, Aged	1000	43.0
Cold-Drawn, Aged	80	52.0
Cold-Drawn, Aged	1000	48.0

Fatigue Strength of MONEL alloy K-500 at Low Temperature

Temperature, °F	Stress, ksi, for a Fatigue Life of
Temperature, °F	10⁵cycles	10⁶cycles	10⁷cycles
70	90	55	37
-110	99	67	–
-320	105	69	–
-423	143	101	–

Effect of Surface Finish on Fatigue Strength of MONEL alloy K-500 ^a

Condition	Surface Finish	Tensile Strength, ksi	Fatigue Strength (10⁸cycles), ksi	Ratio, Fatigue Strength/Tensile Strength
Hot-Rolled, Aged	Polished	171.0	50.0	0.29
Hot-Rolled, Aged	Oxidized	172.5	39.5	0.23
Cold-Drawn, Aged	Polished	174.5	57.0	0.33
Cold-Drawn, Aged	Oxidized	167.5	39.5	0.24

^aR.R. Moore rotating-beam specimens.

Fatigue strength of commercially produced MONEL alloy K-500 wire

MONEL alloy K-500 wire (0.0375-in. diameter, cold-drawn 75% after final anneal). Tested in processed condition. Data determined with a rotating-wire (5000 rpm) arc-fatigue machine.

Creep and Rupture Properties

Creep properties of MONEL alloy K-500 (cold-drawn, aged)

Rupture life of hot-finished aged MONEL alloy K-500.

Working Instructions

Effect of water quenching from various annealing temperatures on hardness of MONEL alloy K-500.

Properties of MONEL alloy K-500 Cold Drawn Rod (Annealed 1900°F/1/2 hr, W.Q. and Aged 1100°F/16 hr, F.C. 15°F/hr to 900°F, A.C.)

Diameter, ^a	Tensile	Yield Strength	Elongation,	Reduction	Hardness,	Yield Strength
in.	Strength, ksi	(0.2% offset), ksi	%	of Area, %	Rc	(0.2% offset),^bksi
3 1/4	156.5	98.0	26	42	29	94.5
3	154.0	95.0	24	39	29	94.0
3	152.0	96.5	26	46	28	95.5
2 3/4	149.0	91.5	26	45	27	90.0
2 5/8	156.0	99.0	25	45	29-30	98.0
1 1/2	160.5	102.0	26	42	29	98.5
1 1/2	152.0	100.5	26	49	29	98.5
1 3/8	153.0	100.5	26	47	28	97.5
1 1/4	150.0	96.5	26	51	27	96.0
1 1/4	153.0	100.0	26	49	28	100.0
1	155.5	99.5	26	45	29	99.0
1	156.5	101.5	25	45	29	101.5
5/8	156.0	100.5	27	46	28	97.5
5/8	155.0	99.5	27	47	26	97.0

Effect of Short-Time Aging on Properties of MONEL alloy K-500^a

Condition	Thermal Treatment		Tensile Properties
Condition	Temperature,°F	Time, hr	Tensile Strength, ksi	Yield Strength (0.2% offset), ksi	Elongation, %	Hardness, Rockwell C
Rod, Hot-Rolled	—	0	93	45	44	82B
	1100	2	132	82	36	17
		4	136	86	34	20
		8	142	90	33	22
Strip, Annealed	—	0	100	50	39	85B
	1100	2	142	90	31	24
		4	141	96	27	25
		8	140	98	27	26
Strip, Cold-Rolled 10%	—	0	111	90	27	19
	1100	2	155	122	23	31
		4	155	122	21	31
		8	156	123	21	31
	1000	2	141	124	24	31
		4	144	123	23	31
		8	149	129	22	32
Strip, Cold-Rolled 20%	—	0	125	115	14	23
	1100	2	163	140	18	34
		4	163	142	18	33
		8	163	141	18	33
	1000	2	169	143	17	34
		4	170	143	18	34
		8	174	148	18	35
Strip, Cold-Rolled 40%	—	0	143	136	5	27
	1100	2	175	159	14	37
		4	176	159	14	36
		8	174	156	14	36
	1000	2	182	165	11	37
		4	183	164	14	37
		8	184	167	13	38
Strip, ColdRolled 50%	–	0	148	141	4	29
	1100	2	179	166	12	38
		4	181	165	12	38
		8	177	161	13	38
	1000	2	187	173	10	39
		4	189	174	13	39
		8	189	174	11	39

^aThese data are offered as a guide to short-time aging treatments and are not suitable for specification purposes.

Long-Time Aging of Hot-Rolled MONEL alloy K-500 Rod

Thermal Treatment	Tensile Strength, ksi	Yield Strength (0.2% Offset), ksi	Elongation, %	Izod Impact, ft-lb	Hardness, Brinell, (3000-kg)
Hot-Rolled	97.5	40.5	44.0	83	169
1080°F/16 hr	147.0	92.0	28.0	48	270
1080°F/16 hr + 800°F/1 month	161.5	109.0	26.0	26	310
1080°F/16 hr + 800°F/2 months	165.0	112.0	25.0	23	307
1080°F/16 hr + 800°F/4 months	162.3	109.2	25.5	24	310
1080°F/16 hr + 800°F/8 months	164.3	113.2	23.1	27	308
1080°F/16 hr + 800°F/16 months	163.5	112.0	24.5	25	305